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Compare Jan Mayen (2001) - Kiribati (2001)

Compare Jan Mayen (2001) z Kiribati (2001)

 Jan Mayen (2001)Kiribati (2001)
 Jan MayenKiribati
Administrative divisions - 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina)
Age structure - 0-14 years:
40.53% (male 19,322; female 18,833)

15-64 years:
56.27% (male 26,136; female 26,841)

65 years and over:
3.2% (male 1,291; female 1,726) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 21 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total:
17

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
Area total:
373 sq km

land:
373 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total:
717 sq km

land:
717 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC four times the size of Washington, DC
Background This desolate, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; it is the northernmost active volcano on earth. The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati.
Birth rate - 31.98 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$33.3 million

expenditures:
$47.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA million (1996 est.)
Capital - Tarawa
Climate arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline 124.1 km 1,143 km
Constitution - 12 July 1979
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Jan Mayen		 conventional long form:
Republic of Kiribati

conventional short form:
Kiribati

note:
pronounced kir-ih-bahss

former:
Gilbert Islands
Currency - Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate - 8.88 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $10 million (1999 est.)
Dependency status territory of Norway; administered from Oslo through a governor (sysselmann) resident in Longyearbyen (Svalbard); however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service -
Diplomatic representation from the US - the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the ambassador to the Marshall Islands is accredited to Kiribati
Diplomatic representation in the US - Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient - $15.5 million (1995), largely from UK and Japan
Economy - overview Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations located on the island. A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few national resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. The financial sector is at an early stage of development as is the expansion of private sector initiatives. Foreign financial aid, largely from the UK and Japan, is a critical supplement to GDP, equal to 25%-50% of GDP in recent years. Remittances from workers abroad account for more than $5 million each year. Performance in 2000 fell short of the 2.5% growth in 1999, which benefited from increased copra production and exceptionally large revenues from fishing licenses.
Electricity - consumption - 6.5 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 7 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Norwegian Sea 0 m

highest point:
Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m		 lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Banaba 81 m
Environment - current issues NA heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - predominantly Micronesian with some Polynesian
Exchange rates - Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
President Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President Tewareka TENTOA (since 12 October 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President Tewareka TENTOA (since 12 October 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Assembly, includes the president, vice president, attorney general, and up to eight other ministers

elections:
the House of Assembly chooses the presidential candidates from among their members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 27 November 1998 (next to be held by NA November 2002); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
Teburoro TITO reelected president; percent of vote - Teburoro TITO 52.3%, Dr. Harry TONG 45.8%, Amberoti NIKORA 1.9%, Taberannang TIMEON 0%
Exports - $6 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports - commodities - copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish
Exports - partners - Bangladesh, Australia, US, Hong Kong (1999)
Fiscal year - NA
Flag description the flag of Norway is used the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean
GDP - purchasing power parity - $76 million (2000 est.), supplemented by a nearly equal amount from external sources
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
14%

industry:
7%

services:
79% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $850 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 71 00 N, 8 00 W 1 25 N, 173 00 E
Geography - note barren volcanic island with some moss and grass 20 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru
Highways - total:
670 km (1996)

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $44 million (c.i.f., 1999)
Imports - commodities - foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel
Imports - partners - Australia, Fiji, Japan, NZ, China (1999)
Independence - 12 July 1979 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate - 0.7% (1992 est.)
Industries - fishing, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate - 54 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2% (1999 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 13 (Jan Mayen and Svalbard) (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1993) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president
Labor force - 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100%		 arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
51%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
3%

other:
46% (1993 est.)
Languages - English (official), I-Kiribati
Legal system the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply NA
Legislative branch - unicameral House of Assembly or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (41 seats; 39 elected by popular vote, one ex officio member, and one nominated to represent Banaba; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 23 September 1998 (next to be held by NA September 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Maneaban Te Mauri Party 14, National Progressive Party 11, independents 14
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
60.16 years

male:
57.25 years

female:
63.22 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
NA

total population:
NA%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland Oceania, group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (GMT +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line
Map references Arctic Region Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
10 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
4 NM		 exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,291 GRT/1,295 DWT

ships by type:
passenger/cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Norway Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ
Military branches - no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday - Independence Day, 12 July (1979)
Nationality - noun:
I-Kiribati (singular and plural)

adjective:
I-Kiribati
Natural hazards dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970 typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Natural resources none phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Maneaban Te Mauri Party [Teburoro TITO]; National Progressive Party [Teatao TEANNAKI]

note:
there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants

note:
there are personnel who operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2001 est.)		 94,149 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 2.31% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Banaba, Betio, English Harbor, Kanton
Radio broadcast stations AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA

note:
there is one radio and meteorological station (1998)		 AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios - 17,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Roman Catholic 54%, Protestant (Congregational) 30%, some Seventh-Day Adventist, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, and Church of God (1996)
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.75 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)

note:
Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service
Telephones - main lines in use - 2,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - NA
Television broadcast stations - 1 (1997)
Terrain volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
Total fertility rate - 4.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
Waterways none 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands)
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